Difference Between NGO and Trust

NGO vs Trust

Our green planet is only one. We have one Creator, and we are said to be guardians of our own kind. Therefore, we must look after each other, care for each other, and love one another. There should be no discrimination against any race, gender, nationality, age and, most importantly, religion. We may be different but we are one.

As young children, we were taught good values and to be of prime help to others. And as man learned the art of helping, so it became big and organized to help those who are in need. With this, an NGO and a trust come in hand to help others. But what are an NGO and a trust? What are the differences?

“NGO” stands for “Non-governmental Organization” while “trust” is the word trust itself. NGOs are responsible for the promotion of certain causes whether it is in health, education, labor, environment, and other fields of life. Trusts, on the other hand, are when a person wants his or her properties and money to be managed by a certain body which is a trust. Trusts also assist in doing charitable work for the entire body of mankind whether it is medical, educational, labor, etc.

NGOs are also voluntary organizations which can be free but have considerations. An NGO usually aids the government with the programs that they can’t usually do in its extent and strength. Trusts, on the other hand, are not dependent on the programs of the government. Trusts have their own policies since they can be public or private trusts. It does not need any aid from the government or any organization. NGOs can receive financial assistance from the government while trusts cannot.

Examples of NGOs are: Red Cross, Red Crescent, Greenpeace, Amnesty International, and Doctors Without Borders while an example of a trust includes the Britain-Nepal Medical Trust.

Summary:

1. “NGO” stands for “Non-governmental Organization” while “trust” is the word trust itself.
2. NGOs aid the government with the programs they can’t already do while trusts are not dependent on the government.
3. NGOs can receive financial assistance from the government while trusts cannot.
4. Examples of NGOs are: Red Cross, Red Crescent, Greenpeace, Amnesty International, and Doctors Without Borders while an example of a trust includes Britain-Nepal Medical Trust

Thousands more migrants stream into Austria from Hungary

About 3,700 people poured across the Hungarian border into Austria on Thursday, a police spokesman said, a big increase in the flow of migrants that will put extra pressure on Austrian authorities trying to arrange onward transport to Germany.

Tens of thousands of people, many of them fleeing the war in Syria, have streamed across the border since Austria and Germany threw open their borders at the weekend. Almost all have headed for Germany, with only hundreds seeking asylum in Austria.

The spokesman said the new wave of migrants crossing the border started around midnight and he expected more to come.

"It is certainly not the end of today's wave, because more people will certainly come," the spokesman said.

All accommodation in the area of Nickelsdorf, a border town with a reception centre for migrants, was being used and he said he could not predict how many more people would arrive during the day.

Israel casts makeshift Cairo embassy as buttress to ties with Egypt

Israel has opened its new Cairo embassy inside its ambassador's residence, saying on Thursday that holdups in finding separate premises as is customary had encumbered an already challenging relationship with Egypt.
Egypt was the first of a handful of Arab countries to recognise Israel, with a U.S.-sponsored 1979 peace accord but Egyptian attitudes to their neighbour have often been hostile.
Israel's previous embassy, in the upper stories of a sooty apartment bloc on the Nile corniche dwarfed by business towers and luxury hotels, was ransacked in 2011 by a mob incensed at the cross-fire killing of five Egyptian border guards by the Israeli army as it repelled a raid by Sinai Islamist insurgents.

Since then, Israeli diplomats had worked out of the ambassador's villa in Cairo's leafy, heavily policed Maadi district, riding out political upheavals that saw the rise and fall of the Muslim Brotherhood followed by the current pro-Western administration of President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi.
The inauguration of the embassy on Wednesday went unreported by Egyptian media. Israel announced it in a statement that did not specify the mission's location. The Israeli delegate who officiated, Foreign Ministry Director-General Dore Gold, outranked the sole Egyptian representative.
"We made a decision to move forward - that it would not be worthwhile delaying this with more discussions about the premises," Gold told Israel Radio on Thursday.

He praised Sisi's administration as an Israeli partner in "working for Middle East stability and prosperity" and suggested more Egyptian officials might have come to the opening were it not for a coincidental visit to Cairo by Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas.

Months of scouting for a separate embassy building had been snagged by wrangling over leases and security arrangements, Israeli and Egyptian diplomats said. They described the new location in Ambassador Haim Koren's residence as temporary.

Like his 10 predecessors, Koren has at times had to weather a cold shoulder from his Egyptian hosts. He was not among foreign envoys invited to Sisi's splashy inauguration last month of an extension to the Suez Canal.

Koren said having his home double as the embassy would help his staff's diplomatic duties without impeding his movements.

"We are happy to move into a fixed position after a period of quite some difficulty and unacceptable conditions," he told Israel's Army Radio. "I can go to all kinds of places and meet people as usual - with the requisite preparations, of course."

Few Egyptians visit Israel, so the Cairo embassy's visa workload is light. Its diplomats often focusg on cultural and agricultural initiatives. National security coordination between the countries is handled directly by military delegates.

Egypt withdrew its ambassador from Israel in protest at the 2012 Gaza war, but in June announced it would send in a new envoy. He is expected to arrive early next month, according to the Israeli Foreign Ministry.

Insurgent attack on Syrian air base killed 56 soldiers - monitor

Syrian insurgents killed 56 government soldiers during an assault that led to their capture of an air base in the northwest of the country, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights monitoring group said on Thursday.

An alliance of insurgents including al Qaeda's Syria wing Nusra Front seized the Abu al-Duhur military airport on Wednesday as Syrian troops withdrew from their last major stronghold in Idlib province.

The Observatory's director Rami Abdulrahman said the 56 soldiers were either killed in fighting or killed afterwards.

Dozens of soldiers were also reported missing and insurgents took around 40 others captive, he said, citing sources on the ground in Syria.

Asked about the report, a Syrian military official said the army was not commenting on the situation and reiterated a previous statement that the base had been evacuated on Wednesday.

Thailand seeks help from Bangladesh to locate blast mastermind

Islamic State attacks Syrian air base in east, dozens reported killed

BEIRUT: Dozens of Syrian government troops and Islamic State fighters have been killed in fighting around a government-held air base in eastern Syria in a region that is a stronghold for the jihadists, a monitoring group said on Thursday,

Islamic State used at least two car bombs in its latest assault on the air base near the city of Deir al-Zor, where government troops are holed up, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said.

It said at least 18 soldiers and 23 Islamic State fighters had been killed. The base is one of President Bashar al-Assad's last footholds in eastern Syria. There was no mention of the attack on state media.

After more than four years of war, Assad's sway is now mostly confined the cities of western Syria, with the rest held by Islamic State, other insurgent groups, or a Kurdish militia, which controls much of the north.

On Wednesday, Syrian state TV said government troops had quit the Abu al-Duhur air base in the northwesterly Idlib province after a two-year siege by insurgents including the al-Qaida-linked Nusra Front.

Deir al-Zor province borders territories in Iraq that are also controlled by Islamic State, and its oilfields are a major source of revenue for the group.

A US-led coalition has been attacking Islamic State from the air in Deir al-Zor and the neighbouring Raqqa province.

New Blood Biomarker for Migraine Found

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NEW YORK:  Researchers may have discovered a new blood biomarker for episodic migraine which defined as having less than 15 headaches per month.

The findings could lead to better diagnosis and treatments for migraine.

"While more research is needed to confirm these initial findings, the possibility of discovering a new biomarker for migraine is exciting," said study author B Lee Peterlin from Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore, US.

For the study, 52 women with episodic migraine and 36 women who did not have any headaches underwent a neurologic exam, had their body mass index measured and gave blood samples.

The study found that the total levels of the lipids called ceramides decreased in women with episodic migraine as compared to those women without any headache disorders.

Women with migraine had approximately 6,000 nanograms per millilitre of total ceramides in their blood, compared to women without headache who had about 10,500 nanograms per millilitre.

Every standard deviation increase in total ceramide levels was associated with over a 92-percent lower risk of having migraine.

Additionally, and in contrast to the ceramides, two other types of lipids, called sphingomyelin, were associated with a 2.5 times greater risk of migraine with every standard deviation increase in their levels.

The findings appeared in the online issue of the journal Neurology.

Apple Presses Deeper With New iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus and More

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SAN FRANCISCO:  Apple is bolstering its money-pumping iPhone line while looking to dive deep into businesses with iPads and dominate living rooms with Apple TV hardware tuned to app-loving lifestyles.

Tricked-out new iPhone 6 models, along with overhauled Apple TV hardware and iPad Pro tablets with enlarged screens, were major announcements at the technology titan's media event Wednesday in San Francisco.

"Apple did the typical good job at the event," Gartner analyst Brian Blau told AFP.

"Overall, I don't think it is going to push the needle for Apple in a good or a bad direction. These are great devices and cool features."

Apple shares ended the official trading day down slightly less than two percent at $110.15, and danced around that price in after-market trades.

"If you are an investor, you are probably not that excited about today because you didn't hear numbers and these features won't impact sales this quarter," Blau said.

3D touch

Apple introduced two updated iPhones to build on the success of large-screen handsets introduced last year that have dominated the high-end smartphone market.

The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus have the same overall dimensions as the previous versions, but with new technologies under the hood.

One of the key new features is called "3D touch," which responds to pressure exerted on the screen to allow users to look inside messages and applications.

"Apple has performed the ultimate conjuring trick: Change everything about the iPhone, but make it look almost identical to the old model," IHS Technology said in a posted analysis.

By responding to sensing pressure, the phones enable users to dip in and out of content without losing their place.

"It will further refine our use of touch as a main user interface," Blau said.

The 6S has the 4.7-inch (about 12-centimeter) display of its predecessor and the 6S Plus -- which updates one of the more popular handsets in the "phablet category" -- has the same 5.5-inch screen.

But the devices have more powerful processors that allow for improved graphics, harder glass and a new aluminum body. Pricing will be kept at the same levels as the earlier versions.

For those buying without carrier subsidies, Apple will sell the devices on a 24-month installment plan at $27 per month for the $650 iPhone 6S and $31 for the 6S Plus, making the price nearly $750.

Apple will take pre-orders starting Saturday and deliver the phones September 25 in the US, Britain, Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand, Puerto Rico and Singapore.

iPad Pro

The new iPad Pro has the power and capabilities to replace a laptop computer, Apple said. It had aspects reminiscent of Microsoft Surface Pro tablets, such as covers that double as keyboards.

Apple chief executive Tim Cook called the device "the biggest news in iPad since the iPad."

The new tablet with a 12.9-inch display also includes a detachable keyboard and stylus, sold separately.

According to Apple senior vice president Phil Schiller, the device features "desktop-class performance" and operates faster than 80 percent of portable PCs that shipped in the last 12 months.

The new iPad will be available in November starting at $799.

The iPad Pro stylus, called Apple Pencil, was designed for high-precision illustration and 3D design applications. Apple Pencil will be sold for $99 more and the keyboard for $169.

Avi Greengart at the research firm Current Analysis tweeted that the new tablets "are aimed directly at enterprises. That's a long sales cycle, but could finally stop (the tablet market's) sales slide."

Upgraded TV box

Upgraded Apple TV includes voice search, touchscreen remote control and an app store in a challenge to Google, Amazon and Roku.

Apple TV was overhauled as people increasingly stream films and television shows on-demand online and turn to mobile applications for entertainment.

"We believe the future of television is apps," Cook said.

Apple released a software kit for outside developers, and showed off early versions of Apple TV applications already being crafted by show streaming services Netflix and Hulu, as well as HBO.

Apple TV has the potential to take the kinds of "casual game" apps popular on mobile devices and put them on television screens, according to analysts.

Ask for something funny

Siri virtual assistant software newly built into Apple TV will allow for natural language searches for shows -- for example, by asking for something funny or a certain actor by name.

The new Apple TV will launch in late October at a starting price of $149.

Apple TV has lagged rivals with similar devices.

According to the research firm Parks Associates, Roku leads the US market with a 37 percent market share, to 19 percent for Google Chromecast and 17 percent for Apple TV. Amazon's Fire TV devices have 14 percent.

"For Apple TV to succeed it will have to give people what they already want on a TV: TV shows," said Forrester analyst James McQuivey.

Apple also said the operating system for its Apple Watch, watchOS 2, would be made available as a free update September 16.

The company offered no sales figures but Cook said customers "love using Apple Watch," and that user satisfaction "is an incredible 97 percent."

The latest iteration of the Watch, created with French fashion house Hermes, features a hand-stitched leather band and starts at $1,100.

Hamstrung by red tape, hospital operators buy their way into India

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For nearly two years, Parkway Pantai has delayed the opening of its 450-bed India hospital, the Singapore-based medical firm's bid to cash in on one of Asia's fastest growing private healthcare markets, as it waited for the necessary permits.

Parkway, a unit of the world's second largest healthcare group by market value IHH Healthcare Bhd, now intends to use acquisitions to quickly expand in India, where the private hospitals market is estimated to be worth $55 billion a year but where companies must obtain as many as 70 clearances from federal and local authorities to launch a new facility.

"Greenfield is off the agenda," Ramesh Krishnan, Parkway's head of Middle East and South Asia operations, told Reuters by telephone from Singapore. "It's a market you don't want to wait eternally to tap into, so we've basically decided to do it inorganically. It's just a question of a shorter runway."

In Mumbai, garbage festers around Parkway's already built Gleneagles Khubchandani hospital, which had been expected to open in 2012. Krishnan said it will now open next year.

Expanding through acquisitions has increasingly become the tactic of choice for hospital operators seeking to speedily expand in India, where the demand for private healthcare is booming thanks to an overburdened public healthcare system.

Data from BofA-ML Global Research shows the private hospital market is set to grow 16 percent a year to reach $120 billion by 2020, almost double the size of the Chinese market.

This expansion strategy, however, does nothing to address a severe shortage of hospital beds, or bring down the cost of healthcare, issues that Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government has so far failed to fix despite election promises to upgrade the entire healthcare sector.

India has 7 hospital beds per 10,000 people, lower than Southeast Asia's average of 10 beds and China's 38 beds, the World Health Organisation said last year.

"Acquisitions are good for the industry, but can have worrying long-term implications for infrastructure development in the sector," said Rana Mehta, head of healthcare at consultants PwC India.

For graphic on India's hospital beds, click link.reuters.com/gyp55w

For graphic on private hospital market, click link.reuters.com/wyw55w

BUY TRUMPS BUILD

Expanding through acquisitions is more lucrative for hospital firms than starting from scratch: the BofA-ML data shows companies pay up to $150,000 to set up a new bed in India, or more than double the $60,000 they pay to buy an existing bed.

Acquisitions in India also remain cheaper than in many other countries: in Singapore, it costs $1.5 million to buy a hospital bed, and in South Africa, the cost is $100,000, the data shows.

So far this year, IHH Healthcare has bought majority stakes in India's Global Hospitals Group and Continental Hospitals for about $240 million. The company already holds a 10.85 percent stake in India's largest hospital chain Apollo Hospitals Enterprise.

"In India, strategic acquisitions help increase our speed to market and meet the pent-up demand for quality private healthcare," IHH Chief Executive Tan See Leng said via email.

Privately owned Cygnus Hospitals said it plans to add about 35 hospitals to its network by 2018 solely through acquisitions. Manipal Hospitals has also ruled out building new facilities. "The land permits and other clearances can take years," said Manipal's Chief Operating Officer Gopal Devanahalli.

The cost of suitable real estate, especially in rapidly developing cities, is also deterring hospital operators from building new facilities. Property consultants Jones Lang LaSalle said land prices in Ahmedabad, Pune and Hyderabad, among others, have risen by more than a third since 2011.

In June, Apollo Hospitals acquired a 220-bed hospital in Guwahati after it failed to find suitable land to build a new hospital in the northeastern city.

"Cost of real estate and construction in some locations has become so prohibitive that it makes sense for us to evaluate acquisitions," said Chief Financial Officer Krishnan Akhileswaran. Apollo was also looking into possibly acquiring hospitals in Assam and Karnataka states, he added.

(Additional reporting by Zeba Siddiqui and Shailesh Andrade in MUMBAI, Tripti Kalro in BANGALORE, Yantoultra Ngui in KUALA LUMPUR and Aradhana Aravindhan in SINGAPORE; Editing by Miral Fahmy)

6 Power Women in the Fashion and Cosmetics Industries

                Despite the large numbers of men in the world of fashion and cosmetics, there are many powerful women in these industries. The most famous, of course, is Anna Wintour, but Delphine Arnault and Tori Burch are among the other industry powerhouses. Women in positions of power tend to be scrutinized more harshly than men. Behavior that would be considered acceptable from men is deemed “diva-ish” when from women. Most of the women on this list appear pretty standard for their social position—demanding, mean, efficient, and bossy. There’s nothing wrong with those traits, but they do make for good reading!

1.Kate Moss

With an average annual income of $7 million and a net worth of $72 million, 40-year old British supermodel Kate Moss shows no signs of slowing down. She ranks #91 on Forbes’ 2014 list of the world’s 100 most powerful celebrities. Moss gained fame as a model, having been scouted at New York’s John F. Kennedy Airport in 1988.

       She has worked for a variety of designers including Gucci, Calvin Klein, Chanel, Dolce & Gabbana, Bulgari and Rimmel. In 2010 she designed a range of handbags for the French luxury leather goods company Longchamp. Today, she both models and works as a designer for companies such as TopShop.

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        Most recently, Moss was paired with 22-year old rising star Cara Delevigne in a sexy, seductive, black-and-white photo shoot for the tantalizing new fragrance My Burberry. The perfume is inspired by the cult trench coat of the Burberry brand and a London garden after rain.

2. Tori Burch

         In January 2013, Forbes estimated fashion designer and business mogul Tori Burch’s net worth to be about $1.0 billion. Burch’s eponymous brand, established in 2004, is known for its easy-chic look: loose silhouettes, beautiful floral prints, feminine designs. Her collections include shoes, beautifully designed handbags, luxurious clothing, tantalizing jewelry and accessories.  

One of Tori Burch’s most iconic pieces is the Reva ballet flat, named after Burch’s mother, Reva Robinson. The Reva flat has a round toe and is embellished with the Tori Burch logo. Unlike many of the other women in this list, Burch’s educational background is not in business. Nor has she ever modeled. Instead, Burch studied art history at the University of Pennsylvania. 

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 The three words “art history degree” are almost synonymous with “no job prospects.” But not for Burch. In 2014, Forbes ranked her the 79th most powerful woman in the world.

3. Angela Ahrendts, former Burberry CEO

      When Angela Ahrendts joined Burberry in 2006, the company wasn’t doing well. Ahrendts turned it around by bringing back manufacturing to West Yorkshire and changing the brand’s image to make it young and fresh. The Burberry Group plc is a British luxury fashion house, distributing clothing, fashion accessories, fragrances, sunglasses, and cosmetics. 

According to Forbes, during Ahrendts’ time at Burberry—she recently took a job at Apple—the company’s revenue had tripled to over $3 billion and its stocks returned 300%. Ahrendts, who drinks up to six glasses of Diet Coke per day and begins checking emails before 5 am, is somewhat of a workaholic. She ranks #49 on Forbes’ 2014 list of the world’s most powerful women, right after Microsoft CFO Amy Hood and right before actress Angelina Jolie. 

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4. Delphine Arnault, Executive Vice-President of Louis Vuitton

           Executive Vice-President of Louis Vuitton Delphine Arnault is one of the richest women in France—and the world. The daughter of French business mogul Bernard Arnault, Delphine was born in the lap of luxury. She is known in the fashion world for being demanding and used to getting her way. According to Karl Lagerfield,  “When Delphine tells you to go somewhere, you go.” 

On the other hand, she is hands-on when it comes to working with her staff and associates, knowledgeable not just about fashion (she studied business at the London School of Economics) but also about design. Friends and co-workers describe her as serious and driven—and yes, demanding—but not unpleasant. If anything, she seems like a fairly standard high-achieving businessperson.  

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5. Sheri McCoy, Avon CEO

Like Tori Burch, Avon CEO Sheri McCoy’s educational background is not in business, at least not originally. Yes, she does have an MBA, but that came after her MS in chemical engineering from Princeton. In April 2012, after years of working for 30 years for Johnson & Johnson, McCoy became CEO of Avon Products. Established in 1886, Avon—whose slogan is “the company for women”— is the fifth-largest beauty company in the world with an annual average of $10 million in revenue. 

The Avon business model revolves around door-to-door sales made by trained representatives, dubbed “Avon ladies.” Avon has an important place in US women’s history, and today it boasts 6 million independent sales representatives around the globe.

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6. Anna Wintour

No article about women in fashion would be complete without Anna Wintour, the notoriously demanding editor-in-chief of Vogue and inspiration for The Devil Wears Prada’s Miranda Priestly. In 2011, Forbes named her the 69th most powerful woman in the world. In the world of fashion, her rank would undoubtedly be much higher; The Guardian once called her New York City’s “unofficial mayoress.”  

Wintour undoubtedly works hard, but her job comes with many perks, such as a $200,000 per year shopping allowance. Much of the criticism Anna Wintour receives—that she’s mean, that she’s an elitist—are probably warranted. On the other hand, she probably isn’t all that different from powerful, rich men in similar positions authority. 

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Lost City Could Rewrite History

The city is believed to predate the Harappan civilization

The remains of what has been described as a huge lost city may force historians and archaeologists to radically reconsider their view of ancient human history.
Marine scientists say archaeological remains discovered 36 metres (120 feet) underwater in the Gulf of Cambay off the western coast of India could be over 9,000 years old.The vast city - which is five miles long and two miles wide - is believed to predate the oldest known remains in the subcontinent by more than 5,000 years.

The site was discovered by chance last year by oceanographers from India's National Institute of Ocean Technology conducting a survey of pollution.Using side-scan sonar - which sends a beam of sound waves down to the bottom of the ocean they identified huge geometrical structures at a depth of 120ft.
Debris recovered from the site - including construction material, pottery, sections of walls, beads, sculpture and human bones and teeth has been carbon dated and found to be nearly 9,500 years old.

Lost civilization

The city is believed to be even older than the ancient Harappan civilization, which dates back around 4,000 years.Marine archaeologists have used a technique known as sub-bottom profiling to show that the buildings remains stand on enormous foundations.

"The whole model of the origins of civilization will have to be remade from scratch" Graham Hancock
Author and film-maker Graham Hancock - who has written extensively on the uncovering of ancient civilizations - told BBC News Online that the evidence was compelling:

"The [oceanographers] found that they were dealing with two large blocks of apparently man made structures.

"Cities on this scale are not known in the archaeological record until roughly 4,500 years ago when the first big cities begin to appear in Mesopotamia. "Nothing else on the scale of the underwater cities of Cambay is known. The first cities of the historical period are as far away from these cities as we are today from the pyramids of Egypt," he said.

Chronological problem

This, Mr Hancock told BBC News Online, could have massive repercussions for our view of the ancient world.

Harappan remains have been found in India and Pakistan

"There's a huge chronological problem in this discovery. It means that the whole model of the origins of civilization with which archaeologists have been working will have to be remade from scratch," he said.
However, archaeologist Justin Morris from the British Museum said more work would need to be undertaken before the site could be categorically said to belong to a 9,000 year old civilization.
"Culturally speaking, in that part of the world there were no civilizations prior to about 2,500 BCE. What's happening before then mainly consisted of small, village settlements," he told BBC News Online.
Dr Morris added that artifacts from the site would need to be very carefully analyzed, and pointed out that the C14 carbon dating process is not without its error margins.

It is believed that the area was submerged as ice caps melted at the end of the last ice age 9-10,000 years ago
Although the first signs of a significant find came eight months ago, exploring the area has been extremely difficult because the remains lie in highly treacherous waters, with strong currents and rip tides.
The Indian Minister for Human Resources and ocean development said a group had been formed to oversee further studies in the area.

"We have to find out what happened then ... where and how this civilization vanished," he said.

India's push to save its cows starves Bangladesh of beef

 DHAKA: Some 30,000 Indian soldiers guarding the border with Bangladesh have a new mandate under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government this year — stop cattle from crossing illegally into the Muslim-majority neighbour.

Roughly every other night, troops armed with bamboo sticks and ropes wade through jute and paddy fields and swim across ponds to chase ageing bovines, and smugglers, headed for markets in Bangladesh. The crackdown is one of the clearest signs yet of how Indian policies are having an economic impact on neighbouring countries.

About 2 million head of cattle are smuggled into Bangladesh annually from India. The $600 million-a-year trade has flourished over the past four decades and is considered legal by Dhaka.

Modi's government wants to put an end to it.

Union home minister Rajnath Singh travelled this spring to the frontier with Bangladesh, calling on the Border Security Force (BSF) to halt cattle smuggling completely so that the "people of Bangladesh give up eating beef", media reported at the time. 

"Killing or smuggling a cow is equivalent to raping a Hindu girl or destroying a Hindu temple," said Jishnu Basu, an RSS spokesman in West Bengal, which shares a 2,216km (1,375 miles) border with Bangladesh.

Beef prices up, exports down

So far this year, BSF soldiers have seized 90,000 cattle and caught 400 Indian and Bangladeshi smugglers.

Bangladeshi traders who operate auctions to facilitate the sale of cattle to slaughter houses, beef processing units, tanneries and bone crushing factories estimate the industry contributed 3 percent to the country's $190 billion economy.

The hit to GDP from India's policies is not yet known. But HT Imam, a political adviser to Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, said there was "absolutely no doubt" that the beef trade and leather industry were suffering.

Syed Hasan Habib of Bengal Meat, Bangladesh's top beef exporter, said it had to cut international orders by 75 percent. The company exports 125 tonnes of beef a year to Gulf countries.

He said the price of cows had gone up by 40 percent over the past six months because of India's move, and they had been forced to close two processing units.

Habib plans to import cows from Nepal, Bhutan and Myanmar to meet domestic demand, but he said Indian cows had better quality meat and raw hide.

Bangladesh Tanners Association president Shaheen Ahmed said 30 of 190 tanneries had suspended work due to lack of hides, and about 4,000 workers were jobless.

A senior official in India's home ministry said Bangladesh should find new sources of beef because India would stick to its stance.

Cow protection force

India is home to 300 million cattle and is the world's largest beef exporter and fifth-biggest consumer.

But since Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which is closely linked to the RSS, came to power last year, the rhetoric on cow protection and the beef ban has increased.

Critics say tougher anti-beef laws discriminate against Muslims, Christians and lower-caste Hindus who rely on the cheap meat for protein. Butchers and cattle traders, many of them Muslim, say the push threatens thousands of jobs.

The rhetoric has also emboldened vigilante cow protectors.

"I was chained to a tree and beaten by members of the cow protection force. They forced me to recite a Hindu prayer," said Mohammed Tarafdar, who was caught smuggling two calves near the Bangladesh border in April.

"My religion permits me to eat and sell beef, so why should Hindus have a problem?" said Tarafdar, sitting in a crammed prison cell in Basirhat district. Some BSF soldiers said they could not understand why they were chasing cows. Some animals are caught and auctioned by the BSF, only to be bought and smuggled again.

Two soldiers were killed by a gang of Bangladeshi smugglers, while three dozen have been injured by the animals.

"It is a wild chase, but not of a kind a soldier appreciates," said Vivek Tyagi, a BSF commander at the Ghojadanga check post.

Most Powerful Women in the World

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German Chancellor Angela Merkel.

The following table lists the most powerful women in the world, according to Forbes. The women range from presidents to divas, CEOs to a mining tycoon.

Rank Name Title Category 1. Angela Merkel Chancellor of Germany politics 2. Dilma Rousseff President of Brazil politics 3. Melinda Gates Co-Chair, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation philanthropy 4. Michelle Obama First Lady, United States politics 5. Hillary Clinton Personality, philanthropist politics 6. Sheryl Sandberg COO, Facebook technology 7. Christine Lagarde Managing Director, International Monetary Fund philanthropy 8. Janet Napolitano Secretary, Department of Homeland Security politics 9. Sonia Gandhi President of Indian National Congress, India politics 10. Indra Nooyi CEO, PepsiCo business 11. Geun-hye Park President, South Korea politics 12. Virginia Rometty CEO, IBM technology 13. Oprah Winfrey Entrepreneur, Personality media 14. Ursula Burns Chairman and CEO, Xerox technology 15. Meg Whitman CEO, Hewlett-Packard technology 16. Gina Rinehart Executive Chairman, Hancock Prospecting metal, mining 17. Beyonce Knowles Actress, Entrepreneur, Musician celebrity 18. Maria das Graças Silva Foster CEO, Petrobras-Petróleo Brazil business 19. Jill Abramson Executive Editor, New York Times Co. media 20. Irene Rosenfeld CEO, Mondel's International business

The World's Most Corrupt Nations, 2013

                      According to the annual survey by the Berlin-based organization Transparency International, Somalia, North Korea, and Afghanistan are perceived to be the most corrupt, Finland, Denmark, and New Zealand are perceived to be the world's least corrupt countries. For a list of the least corrupt nations, see World's Least Corrupt Countries. The index defines corruption as the abuse of public office for private gain and measures the degree to which corruption is perceived to exist among a country's public officials and politicians. It is a composite index, drawing on 13 different expert and business surveys. The scores range from 100 (squeaky clean) to zero (highly corrupt). A score of 50 is the number Transparency International considers the borderline figure distinguishing countries that do and do not have a serious corruption problem. In the 2013 survey, two-thirds of countries scored below 50.

Country rank	Country	2013 CPI Score
1.	Somalia	8
	North Korea	8
	Afghanistan	8
4.	Sudan	11
5.	South Sudan	14
6.	Libya	15
7.	Iraq	16
8.	Uzbekistan	17
	Turkmenistan	17
	Syria	17
11.	Yemen	18
12.	Haiti	19
	Guinea Bissau	19
	Equatorial Guinea	19
15.	Chad	19
16.	Venezuela	19
17.	Eritrea	20
	Cambodia	20